Anemia
It is defined as decrease in the red cell mass due to loss, destruction, or lack of production of RBCs.
Classification
Regenerative
The bone marrow responds properly to the decreased red cell mass by increasing RBC production and releasing reticulocytes
Hemorrhage or hemolysis
Nonregenerative
Decreased erythropoietin or an abnormality in the bone marrow
Clinical Findings
Acute anemia
Death may occur if more than a third of the blood volume is lost speedily and not substituted.
- Tachycardia
- Pale mucous membranes
- Bounding or weak peripheral pulses
Chronic anemia
- lethargy
- weakness
- anorexia
Diagnosis of Anemia in Animals
Clinical Evaluation
A complete history is an important part of the evaluation of an anemic animal.
- duration of clinical signs,
- history of exposure to toxins (eg, rodenticides, heavy metals, toxic plants),
- drug treatments,
- vaccinations,
- travel history,
- any prior illnesses.
Serologic Testing
A CBC, including a platelet and a reticulocyte count, will deliver information on the
severity of anemia and degree of bone marrow response
A blood smear should be evaluated for:
- abnormalities in RBC morphology
- size
- RBC parasites.
Anemia can be defined as regenerative or nonregenerative and is based on classic findings noted on a CBC or blood smear evaluation.
