Summer in Pakistan can be extremely harsh, with temperatures often crossing 40–45°C. High heat not only affects human health but also reduces milk production in dairy cows and buffaloes. Heat stress impacts feed intake, digestion, fertility, and overall animal health.
Why Milk Production Drops in Summer
Cows and buffaloes produce less milk in summer because of:
- 🌡️ Heat Stress – high body temperature reduces feed intake.
- 💧 Dehydration – lack of clean, cool water leads to metabolic issues.
- 🌾 Poor Feed Intake – animals eat less in hot weather.
- 🦠 Infections & Diseases – mastitis, tick fever, and parasitic infestations increase in summer.
- 💤 Lack of Shade & Cooling – direct sun exposure causes exhaustion.
Effects of Heat Stress on Dairy Animals
Reduced appetite and rumination
Drop in fertility and milk quality
Weak immunity, makes animals prone to disease
Decrease in milk fat and protein content
Practical Measures to Improve Milk Production
Provide Adequate Water
Ensure 24/7 access to clean, cool water.
Large dairy cows may drink 60–80 liters/day in hot weather.
Place water troughs in shaded areas.
Improve Housing & Cooling
Build properly ventilated sheds with open sides.
Use fans or water sprinklers to reduce heat stress.
Plant trees or use shading nets around sheds.
Adjust Feeding Practices
Feed animals during cooler hours (early morning and evening).
Provide green fodder, silage, and balanced rations.
Add mineral mixtures and salt licks to prevent deficiency.
Disease Prevention
Vaccinate animals against common summer diseases (FMD, HS, Black Quarter).
Deworm regularly.
Maintain strict hygiene in milking areas to prevent mastitis.
Veterinary Supplements
Provide electrolytes and vitamin supplements to boost immunity.
Add yeast cultures or probiotics to support digestion.
Veterinary Expert Advice
As a veterinarian, I recommend farmers in Pakistan to focus on housing, hydration, and hygiene during peak summer months. Even small changes like shade nets, clean water, and evening feeding can significantly increase milk yield and improve animal comfort.” – Dr. Abdul Khaliq, Baig Veterinary Clinic
Conclusion
High summer temperatures are a major challenge for dairy farmers in Pakistan. By improving water supply, housing, feeding practices, and preventive healthcare, farmers can reduce heat stress and maximize milk production in cows and buffaloes.
📅 Need expert advice on managing your dairy animals this summer? Contact Baig Veterinary Clinic for professional livestock health services.